Drivers Elka-elektronik Port Devices



These are the newest CH Drivers for CH Game Port devices. These new drivers will work with the CH F-16 Combatstick, CH F-16 Flightstick, CH Fighterstick, CH Flight Sim Yoke PC, CH Flightstick Pro.

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  • Open the Device Manager by right clicking “My computer” and selecting control panel. Look under Ports (COM & LPT). You should see an open port named 'USB Serial Port' Right click on the 'USB Serial Port' and choose the 'Update Driver Software' option. Next, choose the 'Browse my computer for Driver software' option.
  • About Intel® drivers. The driver or software for your Intel® component might have been changed or replaced by the computer manufacturer. We recommend you work with your computer manufacturer before installing our driver so you don’t lose features or customizations. See list of manufacturers’ Support websites.

A minidriver or a miniport driver acts as half of a driver pair. Driver pairs like (miniport, port) can make driver development easier. In a driver pair, one driver handles general tasks that are common to a whole collection of devices, while the other driver handles tasks that are specific to an individual device. The drivers that handle device-specific tasks go by a variety of names, including miniport driver, miniclass driver, and minidriver.

Microsoft provides the general driver, and typically an independent hardware vendor provides the specific driver. Before you read this topic, you should understand the ideas presented in Device nodes and device stacks and I/O request packets.

Drivers Elka-elektronik Port Devices Gigabit

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Every kernel-mode driver must implement a function named DriverEntry, which gets called shortly after the driver is loaded. The DriverEntry function fills in certain members of a DRIVER_OBJECT structure with pointers to several other functions that the driver implements. For example, the DriverEntry function fills in the Unload member of the DRIVER_OBJECT structure with a pointer to the driver's Unload function, as shown in the following diagram.

The MajorFunction member of the DRIVER_OBJECT structure is an array of pointers to functions that handle I/O request packets (IRPs), as shown in the following diagram. Typically the driver fills in several members of the MajorFunction array with pointers to functions (implemented by the driver) that handle various kinds of IRPs.

An IRP can be categorized according to its major function code, which is identified by a constant, such as IRP_MJ_READ, IRP_MJ_WRITE, or IRP_MJ_PNP. The constants that identify major function code serve as indices in the MajorFunction array. For example, suppose the driver implements a dispatch function to handle IRPs that have the major function code IRP_MJ_WRITE. In this case, the driver must fill in the MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_WRITE] element of the array with a pointer to the dispatch function.

Typically the driver fills in some of the elements of the MajorFunction array and leaves the remaining elements set to default values provided by the I/O manager. The following example shows how to use the !drvobj debugger extension to inspect the function pointers for the parport driver.

In the debugger output, you can see that parport.sys implements GsDriverEntry, the entry point for the driver. GsDriverEntry, which was generated automatically when the driver was built, performs some initialization and then calls DriverEntry, which was implemented by the driver developer.

You can also see that the parport driver (in its DriverEntry function) provides pointers to dispatch functions for these major function codes:

  • IRP_MJ_CREATE
  • IRP_MJ_CLOSE
  • IRP_MJ_READ
  • IRP_MJ_WRITE
  • IRP_MJ_QUERY_INFORMATION
  • IRP_MJ_SET_INFORMATION
  • IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL
  • IRP_MJ_INTERNAL_DEVICE_CONTROL
  • IRP_MJ_CLEANUP
  • IRP_MJ_POWER
  • IRP_MJ_SYSTEM_CONTROL
  • IRP_MJ_PNP

The remaining elements of the MajorFunction array hold pointers to the default dispatch function nt!IopInvalidDeviceRequest.

In the debugger output, you can see that the parport driver provided function pointers for Unload and AddDevice, but did not provide a function pointer for StartIo. The AddDevice function is unusual because its function pointer is not stored in the DRIVER_OBJECT structure. Instead, it is stored in the AddDevice member of an extension to the DRIVER_OBJECT structure. The following diagram illustrates the function pointers that the parport driver provided in its DriverEntry function. The function pointers provided by parport are shaded.

Making it easier by using driver pairs

Over a period of time, as driver developers inside and outside of Microsoft gained experience with the Windows Driver Model (WDM), they realized a couple of things about dispatch functions:

  • Dispatch functions are largely boilerplate. For example, much of the code in the dispatch function for IRP_MJ_PNP is the same for all drivers. It is only a small portion of the Plug and Play (PnP) code that is specific to an individual driver that controls an individual piece of hardware.
  • Dispatch functions are complicated and difficult to get right. Implementing features like thread synchronization, IRP queuing, and IRP cancellation is challenging and requires a deep understanding of how the operating system works.

To make things easier for driver developers, Microsoft created several technology-specific driver models. At first glance, the technology-specific models seem quite different from each other, but a closer look reveals that many of them are based on this paradigm: D-link usb driver.

  • The driver is split into two pieces: one that handles the general processing and one that handles processing specific to a particular device.
  • The general piece is written by Microsoft.
  • The specific piece may be written by Microsoft or an independent hardware vendor.

Suppose that the Proseware and Contoso companies both make a toy robot that requires a WDM driver. Also suppose that Microsoft provides a General Robot Driver called GeneralRobot.sys. Proseware and Contoso can each write small drivers that handle the requirements of their specific robots. For example, Proseware could write ProsewareRobot.sys, and the pair of drivers (ProsewareRobot.sys, GeneralRobot.sys) could be combined to form a single WDM driver. Likewise, the pair of drivers (ContosoRobot.sys, GeneralRobot.sys) could combine to form a single WDM driver. In its most general form, the idea is that you can create drivers by using (specific.sys, general.sys) pairs.

Function pointers in driver pairs

In a (specific.sys, general.sys) pair, Windows loads specific.sys and calls its DriverEntry function. The DriverEntry function of specific.sys receives a pointer to a DRIVER_OBJECT structure. Normally you would expect DriverEntry to fill in several elements of the MajorFunction array with pointers to dispatch functions. Also you would expect DriverEntry to fill in the Unload member (and possibly the StartIo member) of the DRIVER_OBJECT structure and the AddDevice member of the driver object extension. However, in a driver pair model, DriverEntry does not necessarily do this. Instead the DriverEntry function of specific.sys passes the DRIVER_OBJECT structure along to an initialization function implemented by general.sys. The following code example shows how the initialization function might be called in the (ProsewareRobot.sys, GeneralRobot.sys) pair.

The initialization function in GeneralRobot.sys writes function pointers to the appropriate members of the DRIVER_OBJECT structure (and its extension) and the appropriate elements of the MajorFunction array. The idea is that when the I/O manager sends an IRP to the driver pair, the IRP goes first to a dispatch function implemented by GeneralRobot.sys. If GeneralRobot.sys can handle the IRP on its own, then the specific driver, ProsewareRobot.sys, does not have to be involved. If GeneralRobot.sys can handle some, but not all, of the IRP processing, it gets help from one of the callback functions implemented by ProsewareRobot.sys. GeneralRobot.sys receives pointers to the ProsewareRobot callbacks in the GeneralRobotInit call.

At some point after DriverEntry returns, a device stack gets constructed for the Proseware Robot device node. The device stack might look like this.

As shown in the preceding diagram, the device stack for Proseware Robot has three device objects. The top device object is a filter device object (Filter DO) associated with the filter driver AfterThought.sys. The middle device object is a functional device object (FDO) associated with the driver pair (ProsewareRobot.sys, GeneralRobot.sys). The driver pair serves as the function driver for the device stack. The bottom device object is a physical device object (PDO) associated with Pci.sys.

Drivers Elka-elektronik Port Devices Terminal

Notice that the driver pair occupies only one level in the device stack and is associated with only one device object: the FDO. When GeneralRobot.sys processes an IRP, it might call ProsewareRobot.sys for assistance, but that is not the same as passing the request down the device stack. The driver pair forms a single WDM driver that is at one level in the device stack. The driver pair either completes the IRP or passes it down the device stack to the PDO, which is associated with Pci.sys.

Example of a driver pair

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Suppose you have a wireless network card in your laptop computer, and by looking in Device Manager, you determine that netwlv64.sys is the driver for the network card. You can use the !drvobj debugger extension to inspect the function pointers for netwlv64.sys.

In the debugger output, you can see that netwlv64.sys implements GsDriverEntry, the entry point for the driver. GsDriverEntry, which was automatically generated when the driver was built, performs some initialization and then calls DriverEntry, which was written by the driver developer.

In this example, netwlv64.sys implements DriverEntry, but ndis.sys implements AddDevice, Unload, and several dispatch functions. Netwlv64.sys is called an NDIS miniport driver, and ndis.sys is called the NDIS Library. Together, the two modules form an (NDIS miniport, NDIS Library) pair.

This diagram shows the device stack for the wireless network card. Notice that the driver pair (netwlv64.sys, ndis.sys) occupies only one level in the device stack and is associated with only one device object: the FDO.

Available driver pairs

The different technology-specific driver models use a variety of names for the specific and general pieces of a driver pair. In many cases, the specific portion of the pair has the prefix 'mini.' Here are some of (specific, general) pairs that are available:

  • (display miniport driver, display port driver)
  • (audio miniport driver, audio port driver)
  • (storage miniport driver, storage port driver)
  • (battery miniclass driver, battery class driver)
  • (HID minidriver, HID class driver)
  • (changer miniclass driver, changer port driver)
  • (NDIS miniport driver, NDIS library)
Drivers

Note As you can see in the list, several of the models use the term class driver for the general portion of a driver pair. This kind of class driver is different from a standalone class driver and different from a class filter driver.

Related topics

TS-990S, TS-890S, TS-590SG, TS-590S, TH-D72A/E
KPG-22U, KPG-46U, KPG-186U
Virtual COM Port Driver
Last updated : August 21, 2019
Introduction
Thank you for choosing the KENWOOD transceivers. You can connect your TS-990S, TS-890S, TS-590SG, TS-590S, or TH-D72A/E to a PC via a USB cable, or you can connect your TH-K20A/E, TH-K40A/E, TM-281A/E, TM-481A, or other transceivers to a PC via the KPG-22U/46U/186U programming cables by installing the virtual COM port driver in the PC, and then utilize the Radio Control Program, Memory Control Program, or other software we have provided.
This virtual COM port driver installation program is provided by Silicon Laboratories Inc.
After reading through the following explanations, feel free to download and install the software.
Operating Environment
1.Operating System (OS)
Windows® 7 (32-bit or 64-bit)
Windows® 8.1 (32-bit or 64-bit)
Windows® 10 (32-bit or 64-bit)
2.Peripheral Devices
USB 2.0 interface.
Installing the virtual COM port driver
ATTENTION: Do not connect the device to a PC before installing the virtual COM port driver.
Extract the downloaded file ('CP210x_Windows_Drivers.zip' for Windows® 7/8.1, or 'CP210x_Universal_Windows_Driver.zip' for Windows® 10) into a designated folder.In the designated folder, a folder labeled 'CP210x_Windows_Drivers' or 'CP210x_Universal_Windows_Driver' will be created.
In the created folder, double click the 'Cp210xVCPInstaller_x86.exe' with 32-bit OS, or the 'Cp210xVCPInstaller_x64.exe' with 64-bit OS, and follow the instructions that appear on the display to install the virtual COM port driver.
Connecting the device to a PC
Turn the transceiver power ON, then connect it to a PC via a connection cable for the transceiver. The PC will detect new hardware.
The installation of the device driver software will start automatically.
If a reboot request appears, please reboot the PC.
Confirming the COM port number
Open the 'Device Manager' to confirm which COM port number is assigned for connection with the device.
(Confirm the COM port number after turning on the transceiver and connecting the transceiver to the PC using a USB cable, or after connecting the KPG-22U/46U/186U to the PC.)
For Windows® 7
1. Click the Windows® [Start] button.
2. Right-click [Computer], then click [Properties].
3. Click [Device Manager] in the displayed window.
4. [Device Manager] window will appear.
For Windows® 8.1 and Windows® 10
1. Right-click the Windows® [Start] button.
2. Click [Device Manager] in the displayed window.
3. [Device Manager] window will appear.
Click “Ports (COM & LPT)” to extend it, then you can find “Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge (COMxx)”.The “COMxx” number is different depending on your PC.
In the above example, “Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge (COM3)” is listed. This means that COM3 is assigned for the connection with the transceiver.
Select this port number in the configurations for communication in the software you are using.
Note:
When connecting a TS-890S transceiver to the PC, 2 virtual COM ports are assigned as follows.
In the TS-890S Menu settings, these 2 virtual COM ports are defined as [Virtual 'Standard' COM Port] and [Virtual 'Enhanced' COM Port].
These 'Standard' and 'Enhanced' virtual COM ports are distinguished as follows.
•Double-click on these in the Device Manager to display the respective Properties windows.
•Select the 'Details' tab and then select 'Location Paths' (or 'Rutas de acceso de ubicación':Español, 'Chemins d'accès des emplacements':Français, 'Speicherortpfade':Deutsch, 'Percorsi':Italiano, 'Locatiepaden':Nederlands) from the Property drop-down menu.
•Move the mouse cursor to the line displayed in the 'Value' column (the top line if multiple lines are displayed) and check the number in the parenthesis on the right end of the character string.
The port displayed with the number (1) is the virtual COM (Standard) port of the transceiver.
In the display example above, the virtual 'Standard' COM port is assigned to COM3.
The port displayed with the number (2) is the virtual COM (Enhanced) port of the transceiver.
In the display example above, the virtual 'Enhanced' COM port is assigned to COM4.
Please also refer to the TS-890S Instruction manual for details.
If you agree with the details listed above, click one of the following links corresponding to each OS to download the virtual COM port driver installation program.
For Windows® 7/8.1:
'CP210x_Windows_Drivers.zip'(v6.7.6) 6.83MB download
For Windows® 10:
'CP210x_Universal_Windows_Driver.zip'(v10.1.8) 878KB download
You can also download the latest and earlier versions virtual COM port driver installation program from the Silicon Laboratories website. (The URL link is subject to change.).
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